Intelligence Gathering and Policy Formulation for Addressing Security Threats in Nigeria
Main Article Content
Abstract
Intelligence has been discussed by many scholars across the globe. But no doubt, there is no universal acceptable definition of intelligence. It is germane to explicate intelligence as the result of information that has been collated, evaluated and interpreted. More so, intelligence is the information that have been processed and originated to be truth and accurate about an object, subject, or group of people. Without accurate and timely intelligence there would not be a functional government or sustainable nationhood. This paper focuses on how government could improve on policy formulations through prompt and accurate intelligence from intelligence community (IC) to frustrate, submerge the activities of hostile intelligence service (HIS) cum local perpetrators of crime. The population of the study comprised of the Nigeria Intelligence Community (IC) which are Department of State Services (DSS), Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA) and National Intelligence Agency (NIA). The sample technique adopted was purposive sampling considering the experiences and knowledge of the participants involved in the study, the data collection were both primary and secondary. The primary data was anchored on qualitative research method (in-depth interviews). While the secondary data was relied on textbooks, journals, theses, internet sources, et cetera. The study was affixed on triarchic theory of intelligence to explored the relationship between the policy makers and intelligence community to produce a better policy for the masses. The study comes to conclusion that timely and accurate intelligence must be gathered by the IC and promptly utilized by the PM to form a policy that will curtail any security threats. The study was conducted in Abuja being the Federal Capital Territory, epicentre of intelligence community and seat of power.
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Adebimpe Saheed Fagbemi, PhD, Abiodun Ghali Issa, Christiana Ayah Fagbemi (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Adebimpe Saheed Fagbemi, PhD, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban, Republic of South Africa.
Department of Criminology and Forensic Studies, College of Humanities,
University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban, Republic of South Africa.
Abiodun Ghali Issa, University of Arizona Global Campus, Arizona, United States of America.
Forbes School of Business and Technology,
University of Arizona Global Campus, Arizona, United States of America.
Christiana Ayah Fagbemi, National Open University of Nigeria, Jabi, Karonmajigi, Abuja, Nigeria.
Department of Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution,
Faculty of Social Science, National Open University of Nigeria, Jabi, Karonmajigi, Abuja, Nigeria.
Adegoke, N. (2018). Boko Haram Phenomenon: Genesis and Development in North Eastern Region Nigeria, International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Research, Vol. 1(1), pp. 1-22.
Adegoke, N. (2017). Intelligence gathering and Challenges of Insecurity in Nigeria. Journal, 3 (2), pp. 4-12.
Adelaja, S. (2018). Boko Haram in Retrospect Islam and Christian Relations, 26 (1); 24 - 43.
Adesoji, A. (2013). Between Maitasine and Boko Haram: Islamic fundamentalism and the Response of the Nigerian state. Africa Today, 57 (4), 98 - 119.
https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.57.4.99 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.57.4.99
Adesoji, A. (2011). Boko Haram uprising and Islac revivalism in Nigeria. Africa Spectrum, 45 (2), 95 - 108.
https://doi.org/10.1177/000203971004500205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000203971004500205
Agbiboa, D. E. (2018). The Nigeria burden: Boko Haram and religiousn terrorism in Nigeria. Conflict Secretary and Development, 13 (1), 1- 29.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2013.770257 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2013.770257
Akinbi, A. (2015). Implications for National Security and Restorative Justice Vol. 19 no 4.
Akinola, A. & Tella, O. (2017). Boko Haram Terrorism and Nigeria's Security Dilemma: Rethinking the state's capacity. International Journal of Innovation Social Science and Humanities Research, 1 (3) 70 - 78.
Ashaolu, D. (2017). Solving security challenges in Nigeria through Intelligence Gathering and Surveillance, 3(6) 7- 15.
Barkindo, A. (2018). De-Radicalising Prisoners in Nigeria: developing a basic prison based de-radicalisation programme. Journal for de-radicalisation, Vol., 7, pp. 1 - 25.
Bhuta, N. (2012). Measuring stateless, ranking political orders: indexes of state fragility and state failure. Working papers, LAW No 2012/32. European University Institute-Department of Law.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2201482 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2201482
Bloom, R. (2007). Pyschology of Terrorism. Tampa University of South Florida.
Bodunde, J., Balogun, N., and Layefa, G., (2019) Intelligence Sharing; The Challenges Among Sahel, Lake Chad and the Horn of Afro Barometer Policy Paper no 32.
Isyaku, A. (2014). Terrorism: A New Challenge to Nigeria Stability in the 21st Century. International Affairs and Global Strategy, 14 (2) 21-34.
Lowenthal, M.M. (2014). Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. 2nd Edition, Washington D.C: Congressional Quarterly Press.
Lowenthal, M.M. (2017). Intelligence: From secrets to Policy. Seventh edition. Thousand Oaks, California: CQ Press, an imprint of SAGE, Publications, Inc.
Menocal, R. (2011). State Building for Peace: a new paradigm for international engagement in post-conflict fragile states? Third World Quarterly, 32(10), 1715-1736.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2011.610567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2011.610567
Mosandi, C. (2019). Global War on Terror: The Nigerian Dimension- Kindle edition. Pp. 178 -245.
Nwankwo, O. (2015). Effects of Boko Haram insurgency on the socio-economic development in Nigeria. International Journal of Sustainable Development, Ontario International Development Agency, Canada ISSN 1923-6654 (print) ISSN 1923-6662 (online).
Odomovo, M. (2017). 16 killed in multiple suicide attacks on Maiduguri. Accessed on 19th November 2017 from http://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/06/26/16-killed-in-multiple-suicide-attacks-on-Maiduguri.
Olofinbiyi, S.A., & Steyn, J., (2019). The Boko Haram Impasse: Community Policing as a Nostrum for Conflict Resolution. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. Pp 2 - 9.
https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2019-0011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2019-0011
Olofinbiyi, S.A., & Steyn, J., (2018). The Boko Haram Terrorism: Causes Still Misunderstood. Journal of Social Sciences 14 (1); 132 - 137.
https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2018.129.144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2018.129.144
Omonobi, N. Elebeke, A. (2016). The Story of Bakassi Peninsula, Vanguard, September 20, 2016. Available at http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/09/the-story-of-bakassi-peninsula/ Retreived on 27th March 2017
Onapajo, H. (2018). Has Nigeria Defeated Boko Haram? An Appraisal of the Counter-Terrorism Approach under the Buhari Administration. Strategic Analysis, 41 (1): 61-73.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2016.1249177 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2016.1249177
Onuoha, C. F. (2018). The Islamist challenge: Nigeria's Boko Haram crisis explained. African Security Review, 19(2), 54-67.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2010.503061 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2010.503061
Onuoha, C. F. (2014). Boko Haram: Nigeria's extremist Islamic sect. A report of Aljazeera centre for studies. Available at: http://studies.aljazeera.net/ResourceGallery/media/documents/2012/2/29/2012229113341793734BOKO%20HARAM%20Nigeria%20Extremist%20Islamic%20Sect.pdf.
Pham, P. J. (2016). Boko Haram: The strategic evolution of the Islamic state's West Africa Province. Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 7(1). Available at: http://www.africacentre.org/ 2012/04 (Accessed 29 October 2017).
https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2016.1152571 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2016.1152571
Pieri, L. (2019). Globalization, Democracy and Oil Sector Reform in Nigeria. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Siegel, L. (2006). Criminology in Canada: Theories, patterns, and typologies. Australia: Thomson Nelson.
Thurston, A. (2017). The generic context of the Boko Haram violence. Monthly Global Security Briefing. Scotland: Oxford Research Group, April 30.
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc779gc DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc779gc
Usman. A. & Salihu, B. (2018). Fragility of the Nigerian State and the challenges of Boko Haram Violence. Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs Vol. 6 No 1 pgs 19 - 41.
Article Sidebar
