Socioeconomic Analysis, Profitability, and Technical Efficiency of Groundnut Processing among Women in Katsina State, Nigeria
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examined the socioeconomic characteristics, profitability, and technical efficiency of groundnut processing among women in Katsina, Dutsin-Ma, and Funtua Local Government Areas of Katsina State, Nigeria, and identified the constraints they face. A two-stage sampling technique, preceded by a reconnaissance and listing survey, was used to select 138 women groundnut processors. Primary data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the net farm income model, the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function, and a four-point Likert-type scale. Results showed that the mean age of respondents was 39.7 years, 52.9% were married, and 39.1% had no formal education. The total cost of processing per cycle was ₦88,307.73, while gross revenue was ₦304,827.16, giving a net return of ₦216,519.43, a benefit-cost ratio of 3.45, and a rate of return of 245.19%. The mean technical efficiency was 0.71 (range: 0.34–0.94), with education, experience, training, credit, extension contact, and processing technology identified as significant determinants of efficiency. Inadequate processing equipment (mean = 3.19) was the most severe constraint. The study concluded that groundnut processing is highly profitable, although processors are not operating at their full production frontier, and recommended improved access to processing equipment, credit, training, extension services, and women-based cooperative societies to enhance efficiency and profitability.
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafsat Dalhat Kankiya, Sanusi Abdullahi Beli, Junaidu Musa (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Akintunde, M. O., Zubairu, A. I., Idris, Y., Igbankwe, A. T., David, F. A., & Daniel, N. G. (2025). Economics of groundnut marketing in northern Taraba State, Nigeria. UNIZIK Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension, 2(2), 206–217. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18076411
Battese, G. E., & Coelli, T. J. (1995). A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data. Empirical Economics, 20(2), 325–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01205442 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01205442
Chakuri, D., Asem, F. E., & Onumah, E. E. (2022). Bayesian technical efficiency analysis of groundnut production in Ghana. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1), 2074627. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2074627 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2074627
Coelli, T. J. (1994). A guide to FRONTIER version 4.1: A computer program for stochastic frontier production and cost function estimation. Mimeo, Department of Econometrics, University of New England, Armidale.
Coelli, T. J., Rao, D. S. P., O'Donnell, C. J., & Battese, G. E. (2005). An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis (2nd ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/b136381 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/b136381
Das, A., Kumar, S., & Ganga Rao, N. V. P. R. (2023). Potential for increasing groundnut production in Tanzania by enhancing technical efficiency: A stochastic meta-frontier analysis. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7, 1027270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1027270 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1027270
Dawa, A., Umar, S., & Gona, A. (2024). Factors influencing adoption of improved groundnut processing technology among rural women in Kebbi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 11(8), 1367–1376. https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/articles/factors-influencing-adoption-of-improved-groundnut-processing-technology-among-rural-women-in-kebbi-state-nigeria/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2024.1108105
Haruna, U., Murtala, N., & Ahmed, H. S. (2006). Economics of groundnut processing among rural women in Katagum Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria. Savannah Journal of Agriculture, 1(2), 138–144.
Ibrahim, H. Y., Saingbe, N. D., & Ibrahim, H. I. (2010). An evaluation of groundnut processing by women in a rural area of North Central Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(1), 206–212. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v2n1p206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v2n1p206
Ibrahim, M., Ibrahim, H. Y., & Jamiu, W. M. (2023). Impact of improved groundnut varieties adoption on income, food security and nutrition of farming households in Katsina State, Nigeria. Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica, 56, 92–99. https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2023-0011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2023-0011
Iliyasu, A., Wulet, I., & Yusuf, K. (2008). Profitability analysis of groundnut processing in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council of Borno State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 16(2), 253–256.
Jondrow, J., Lovell, C. A. K., Materov, I. S., & Schmidt, P. (1982). On the estimation of technical inefficiency in the stochastic frontier production function model. Journal of Econometrics, 19(2–3), 233–238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(82)90004-5
Katanga, Y. N., Sanusi, S. M., Gama, E. N., Okoroafor, U. C., & Wudil, A. H. (2025). Socio-economic analysis of small-scale groundnut oil and cake processing in Birnin Kudu Agricultural Zone of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice, 10(2), 24–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2025.511
Katsina State Ministry of Land and Physical Planning. (2022). Land area and administrative profile of Katsina State. Katsina State Government.
Kayode, A. O., Malomo, J. O., Emmanuel-Rabiu, A. O., & Yahaya, Z. O. (2024). Women participation in value addition to groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Kwara State, Nigeria. Thomas Adewumi University Journal of Innovation, Science and Technology, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14197485
Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140), 1–55.
Muhammad, A., Abdulmumini, L., & Ubandoma, G. A. (2025). Factors affecting credit accessibility in the Bank of Agriculture, Katsina State in Nigeria. FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 9(April Special Issue), 209–215. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-09(AHBSI)-3406 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-09(AHBSI)-3406
National Population Commission. (2006). 2006 population and housing census of the Federal Republic of Nigeria: Priority tables. National Population Commission.
Sabo, A. A., Kasari, A. D., Jellason, J., & Sunday, M. U. (2025). Allocative efficiency of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)-based cropping systems in Taraba State, Nigeria. UNIZIK Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension, 2(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20633538
Shuaibu, H., Akinola, M. O., Akpoko, G. J., Damisa, M. A., & Yakubu, D. H. (2018). Socio-economic factors and profitability of groundnut processing by women in Kano State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 22(2), 1–12. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jae/article/view/173800 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v22i2.1
World Bank. (2022). Agriculture and rural development in Nigeria. https://www.worldbank.org/nigeria
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis (2nd ed.). Harper and Row.
Zakari, A., Nandi, J. A., & Ahmed, B. (2014). Technical efficiency differentials in oil palm processing technologies in Cross River State, Nigeria. The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9(3), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.4038/jas.v9i3.7424 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4038/jas.v9i3.7424
Article Sidebar
