Genetic Modification in Integrated Pest Management
Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions for Africa
Main Article Content
Abstract
Pest damage continues to undermine food security and farmers' livelihoods in many developing regions, yet conventional pesticide-based control is increasingly constrained by resistance, environmental risks, and costs. Although genetic modification (GM) technologies are expanding rapidly, their practical role within Integrated Pest Management (IPM), particularly in African contexts, remains fragmented in the literature. This review therefore, aimed to (i) evaluate how GM technologies enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of IPM, (ii) examine evidence from global and regional applications, and (iii) identify technical, regulatory, and socio-economic barriers shaping adoption. A qualitative narrative review was conducted using peer-reviewed studies, policy reports, and case studies from major scientific databases published over the past 15 years, followed by thematic synthesis. The evidence shows that Bt crops, RNA interference, gene editing, gene drives, and modified insects or microbes can substantially reduce pesticide use, improve yields, and support ecological safety when integrated with monitoring, refuges, and biological control. However, effectiveness is constrained by pest resistance evolution, regulatory delays, biosafety concerns, public mistrust, and unequal farmer access. The review concludes that GM technologies are most beneficial when treated as complementary tools within ecological IPM rather than stand-alone solutions. To enable responsible adoption, governments should harmonize science-based biosafety regulations across regions and invest in farmer-centred extension programs that integrate resistance management and participatory learning.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Mr Asuman Adala, Dr.Gerald Lubega, Susan Natsite, Benon kisomose (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Dr.Gerald Lubega, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda.
Dr Lubega Gerald is the Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda
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