Effects of Poultry Manure Rates and Rhizobial Inoculation on Vegetative Growth of Groundnut in Sudan Savannah of Nigeria
Main Article Content
Abstract
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a vital crop in the Sudan savannah of Nigeria, contributing significantly to nutrition, livelihoods, and soil fertility. However, its yield remains low due to poor soil fertility and limited use of organic and biological inputs. A field experiment was conducted at Gaya, Kano State, during the 2024 rainy season to evaluate the effects of microbial inoculation and poultry manure on groundnut vegetative growth. The study employed a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications (12 treatment combinations). Treatments comprised two varieties (Samnut 20 and Samnut 21), two microbial inoculation levels (inoculated and non-inoculated), and three poultry manure rates (0, 5, and 10 t ha-1). Data on plant height, number branches, leaf count, and leaf area were recorded at 3, 5, and 7 weeks after sowing (WAS). Poultry manure significantly (p ˂ 0.05) influenced all growth parameters, with 10 t ha-1 producing 28-42 % height values than the control. At 7 WAS, plant under 10 t ha-1 achieved the tallest height (29.16 cm), greatest branch number (40.95), highest leaf count (163.89), and largest leaf area (29.16 cm2). Microbial inoculation showed no significant effect on most parameters, though minor interactions with variety occurred at early stages. Samnut 21 exhibited greater vegetative vigor than Samnut 20. Overall, Poultry manure, at 10 t ha-1 markedly improved groundnut growth under the sandy soils of the Sudan savannah, underscoring its value as a sustainable soil fertility amendment. The limited response to microbial inoculation suggests the need for further testing of site-specific strains for enhanced compatibility and field performance.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abdulkadir, N. A., Ewusi-Mensah, N., Opuko, A., Yusuf, A. A., Logah, V., Adamu, U. K.,
Almu, H., Sani, A., Muhammad, A. A., Hayatu, B., Ahmad, U. B., Lamido, A. K., Aliyu, R. W., and Jibrin, H. J. (2021). Response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to rhizobia inoculation, mineral nitrogen and inoculation amendment at the two Agro-ecological zones of northern Nigeria savannah. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 8(1), Article 0140. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.8.1.0140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.8.1.0140
Abdulkadir, A., Dawaki, M. U., & Sani, M. (2019). Effect of Organic Soil Amendments on Soil Chemical Properties in Sudan Savannah of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal Science Society, 30(2), 122–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36265/njss.2020.300215
Abdulkadir, A., Dawaki, M. U., & Sani, M. (2019). Effect of Organic Soil Amendments on Soil Chemical Properties in Sudan Savannah of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal Science Society, 30(2), 122–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36265/njss.2020.300215
Adeleke, R. A., Ogunleye, A. O., and Oladipo, O. M. (2022). Poultry manure application improves soil fertility and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in tropical soils. Journal of plant nutrition, 45(12), 1895-1907. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2022.2040279
Ahmed, B., Tahiru L. D., Babagana, M., Zanna, K., Kaka, A. S., and Yakaka, K. M. (2025). Effect of poultry manure on growth and yield of Bambara nut, (Vigna subterranea) in Maiduguri, Borno state. International journal of agriculture science and technology, 12(2).
Aisha, A. M. and Mahmoud, D. A. (2024). Comparing poultry manure and cow dung on Arachis hypogaea L. growth in savanna environment. Nusantara Bioscience. 17(1), 21-29. https://doi:10.13057/nusbiosci/n170103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n170103
Ajeigbe, H. A., Ekeleme, F., and Kamara, A. Y. (2020). Genotype by environment interactions in groundnut yield and related traits. Field crops research, 255, 107871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107871 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107871
Abdulkadir, A., Dawaki, M. U., & Sani, M. (2019). Effect of Organic Soil Amendments on Soil Chemical Properties in Sudan Savannah of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal Science Society, 30(2), 122–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36265/njss.2020.300215
Choudhary, M., Meena, R. S., and Yadav, G. S. (2023). Role of microbial inoculants in sustainable agriculture: A review. Microbiological Research, 266, 127210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2023.127210
Dawaki, M. U., Abdulkadir, A., & Abdulrahman, B. L. (2020). Comparative Potential Effects of Biochar, Compost and Inorganic Fertilizer on Major Nutrient Ions Mobility and Stability in Screen - House Irrigated Maize in the Drier Savannas of Nigeria. NJSS, 29(2), 122–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36265/njss.2020.290215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36265/njss.2020.2902150
Doloum, G., Mbaiguinam, M., Steve, T. T., and Albert, N. (2017). Influence of cross-inoculation on groundnut and Bambara groundnut-rhizobium symbiosis: Contribution to plant growth and yield in the field at Sarh (Chad) and Ngaoundere. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 8, 1953-1966. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2017.88131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2017.88131
Effa, E. B. (2022). Synergistic effects of poultry and goat manures on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in humid Ultisol. Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Environment.
Emmanuel, B. F., Ekama, E. D. and Daniel E. E. (2022). Synergistic effects of poultry and goat manures on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in humid ultisol. Journal of Agriculture, Forestry & Environment, 6(1), 85-94.
Esmaeilian, Y. Sirousmehr, A. R., Asghiripour, M. R., and Amiri, E. (2012). Comparison of sole and combined Nutrient application on yield and biochemical composition of sunflower under water stress. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2, 214-220.
Gee, G. W. and Bauder, D. (2002). Particle size analysis. In: Dane, J.H. and Topp, G.C. (eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4, Physical methods. Soil sci. soc. Am.5:255-293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c12
Godar, S., Beatrice, D. N., Maimouna, C., Nogaye, N., Cheikh, N., Saliou, F., and Samba, N. S. (2023). Growth promotion and yield attribute improvement of five groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties by the application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. African journal of agricultural research, 19(12), 1151-1160. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar2023.16553 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2023.16553
Haruna, I. M., Obioma, U. and Emmanuel, J. E. (2013). Effect of poultry manure and planting arrangement on the soil physio-chemical properties and yield of sesame/groundnut mixture. Elixir International Journal, 58, 15039-15042.
Ibrahim, A. M., Kerau, M. I., Saleh, M. H., Sanusi, J., and Adesoji, A. G. (2022). The effect of different types of fertilizer on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties. ACTA Scientific Agriculture, 6(11), 42-47
Ibrahim, M. M. (2015). Optimization of biological nitrogen fixation and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in a savanna alfisol through fertilizer application and soil amendment. Journal of plant Nutrition, 40 (2), 412-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2015.1086050
Ibrahim, U., and Rahman, S. A. (2015). Optimum returns in irrigated groundnut as influenced by poultry manure rates at Kadawa in the Sudan savannah ecological zone of Nigeria. In Proceedings of the scientific track, 3rd African organic conference, (pp. 15-20).
Koyyalamudi, N. P., Victor, D. and Kunjam, S. (2024). Effect of bio-fertilizers and organic manures on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). International Journal of Research in Agronomy, 7(4), 516-520. https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060X.2024.v7.i4g.600 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060X.2024.v7.i4g.600
Ladan, K. M., Suleiman, J., and Sani, A. (2020). Growth and yield components of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties as influenced by phosphorus fertilization in Sudan savanna of Nigeria. FUDMA Journal of Science. https://doi.org/10.3303/fjs-2020-0404-469 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0404-469
Muhammad Amin, A., Sani, M., Bello Ahmad, U., Sufiyanu, S., Bashir Shehu, H., Wada Rabiu, A., & Afiya Kabir, L. (2019). Geo-statistical mapping of some soil fertility constraints in sorghum- based cropping system of Sudano-Sahelian zone of Nigeria. Azarian Journal of Agriculture, 6(6), 146–152. https://doi.org/10.29252/azarinj.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/azarinj.019
Muhammad, A., Musa, M., Sani, S., & Ibrahim, U. M. (2024). Environmental Contamination by Agrochemicals and Its Indiscriminate Use by Dry Season Farmers in Sudan Savannah of Katsina State. Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA, 2(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2024-0201-009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2024-0201-009
Msaakpa, T. S. (2016). Effects of variety and poultry manure on growth and yield of selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculate L.) varieties at Makurdi, Nigeria. International journals of scientific and research publications, 6(8).
Mukhtar, A. A., Odion, E. C., Ahmed, A., Babaji, B. A., Aminu, M. M. & Arunah, U. L. (2014). Comparative effects of organic manure sources and rates on performance of groundnut varieties. In Proceedings of the 4th ISOFAR Scientific conference.
Nagaraj, R., Hanumanthappa, M. and Sudhir, K. (2018). Effect of integrated nutrient management in groundnut on yield, nutrient uptake, availability of secondary nutrients and microbial activity in soil at coastal zone of Karnataka. Journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, 7(5): 3028-3031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.206
Noma, S. S; and S. Sani. (2008) Estimation of Soil organic matter Content in soils of Sokoto Area: Comparing Walkley- Black and a proposed unconventional method. Techno Science Africana Journal 2(1) 71-76
Olayinka, A., Adediran, J. A., and Akinrinde, E. A. (2023). Comparative effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on groundnut growth and yield. Agronomy journal of Nigeria, 30(1), 55-64.
Okonwu, K., and Mensah, S. I. (2012). Studies on soil amended with poultry manure and its effects on yield and yield components of pumpkin. Scientia Africana,11 (1), 84-91.
Page, J. R., Miller, R. H., Keeney, D. R., Baker, D. E., Roscoe Ellis, J. R. and Rhoades, J. D. (1982). Methods Soil Analysis 2. Chemical and Microbiology Properties (2ndEdn.) Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A, 1159 pp.
Praveen, K. S., Pawan, S., and Vikram, N. (2022). Effect of the vermicompost and poultry manure on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under rain-fed condition. Agricultural review, 43(4).
Rajesh, C., Roshan, C. and Choudhary, R. S. (2017). Impact of different sources of nutrients on growth and yield attributes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). International journal of bio-resource and stress management. 8(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.23910/IJBSM/2017.8.1.1736 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23910/IJBSM/2017.8.1.1736
Rhoades, J. D. (1982). Cation exchange capacity. In; Page, A.L.., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. (eds.). Methods of soil analysis, Part 2: Chemical methods. Agronomy Monograph no. 9, American Society of Agronomy Madison, Wisconsin, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c8
S. Sani, S. A. Pantami and M. Sani. (2019). Evaluation Of Soil Physical Properties At Jibia Irrigation Project, Katsina State, Nigeria. Fudma Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Techology. 5(1) 231-24
Sani, M., Alhassan, I., Amin, M. A., Sani, S. and Musa, A. A. (2019) Trends of soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity in Nigerian Northern Guinea Savannah, in relation to the soil texture and depth. Dutse Journal of Agriculture and Food Security (DUJAFS) 6(2) 100-108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/azarinj.011
Sani, S., Abdulkadir, A., Abubakar, B., Muazu, S., Wakili Habib, D., Sani, M., & Hamza, H. (2025). Assessment of Water Quality for Irrigation in Dutsin-Ma Dam, Katsina State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Research, 20(1), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.62154/ajasfr.2025.020.01022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62154/ajasfr.2025.020.01022
Sani, S., Aliyu, A., & Muhammad, M. (2025). Spatial Variability and Mapping of Soil Structural Stability: The Interplay of Texture and Organic Matter at Jibia Irrigation Project, Semi-Arid Zone of Nigeria. Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA, 3(3), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2025-0303-08 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2025-0303-08
Sani, S., Abdulkadir A. and Pantami S. A. (2022). Assessment of Water Quality for Irrigation Purposes in Jibia Irrigation Project, Katsina State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 15(3):54-58https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1503025458
Santos, M. S., Nogueira, M. A., and Hungria, M. (2024). Microbial inoculants: reviewing the past, discussing the present and previewing an outstanding future for the use of beneficial bacteria in agriculture. Microorganisms, 12(2), 382. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020382
Simeon, V. T., Leuven, R. S. E. W., Schröder, J. J., and Groot, J. C. J. (2019). Economic viability of dairy farming in the Netherlands with less concentrate and no imported soybean meal. Agricultural Systems, 171, 45-55.
Singh, S., Kumar, A., and Sharma, S. (2021). Synergistic effect of biofertilizers and organic amendments on growth and yield of legumes. Legume Research, 44(5), 621-627. https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-4376 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-4376
Sufiyanu Sani, Aliyu Abdulkadir, Musa Muhammad, Musab Ibrahim, Abdulsalam Sani Nababa, Ahmad Ubaidullah and Aliyu Suleiman (2024). Assessment of Soil Salinity and Sodicity Status at Jibia Irrigation Project, Katsina State, Nigeria. Life Sciences: an International Journal (LSIJ) Vol.1, No.1, 2024
Wang-Bara, B., Danra, D., Ahmed, H., David, A. and Housseini, D. J. (2022). Comparative effects of poultry manures and mycorrhiza on growth parameters and yields of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in a Sudano-Sahelian area of Cameroun (Yagoua, Far-North region). International journal of research and scientific innovation. 4(3), 4-12.
Wei, S. W., Jaume, R. A., Jean, W. H. Y., Jason, C. S., Justin, M. V., and Erik, J. V. (2024). Limited efficacy of a commercial microbial inoculant for improving growth and physiological performance of native plant species. Journal of conservation physiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coae037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coae037
Weijia, L., Zepeng, Y., Qinxin, Y., Zhaohui, P., Shunxi, Z., Honglin, C., Dinghui, L., Yiding, L., Liangji, D., Xiangyang, S., Han, H. (2023). Positive effects of organic amendments on soil microbes and their functionality in agro-ecosystems. Plants, 12(22), Article 3790. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12223790 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12223790
Yusuf, M. O., Oyetunji, O. J., and Adebayo, A. G. (2022). Response of groundnut varieties to rhizobial inoculation in different Agro-ecological zones. Nigerian journal of soil science. 32(2), 77-85: 37-45
Zara Musa, Khadijatu Abba Ango and Sufiyanu Sani (2025). Ecological assessment of tree species composition and diversity in Federal University Dutsin-Ma Campus Nigeria. Agr. Foo. Nat. Res. J. Volume 4 Issue 2 pp 31-37. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17209278
Article Sidebar
