An Empirical Study of Income and Expenditure on Living Standards in North Central Nigeria
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research surveyed the portent of quality of life (QoL) as determined by Human Development Index (HDI), which is a composite statistic used to classify states by the level of “human development”. Evaluating and revealing what is QoL is an uncomfortable task. This research investigates the relationship between income and expenditure patterns in relation to living standards in the North Central region of Nigeria. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys and interviews from households across various socio-economic backgrounds. The findings highlight the disparities in income and expenditure, revealing how these factors shape living conditions, access to basic services, and overall quality of life. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of socio-economic dynamics in Nigeria, providing recommendations for policymakers to enhance living standards.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Adeleke, A. Q., & Salami, A. (2021). “Household Expenditure Patterns and Living Standard in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2018 National Living Standard Survey.” Journal of Economic and Social Research, 23(3), 221-238.
Anyanwu, J. C. (2017). Poverty in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 73-96.
Brüggen, E. C., Hogreve, J., Holmlund, M., Kabadayi, S., & Löfgren, M. (2017). Financial well-being: A conceptualization and research agenda. Journal of business research, 79, 228-237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.03.013
Boko, T. E. (2023).* “Economic Policies and Standard of Living in Nigeria: An Evaluation.” Insight on Africa, 15(1), 11-25.
Fadeyi, O. (2019). Socio-economic Determinants of Living Standards in Nigeria. African Economic Review, 27(1), 45-65.
Gupta, A., Stead, T. S., & Ganti, L. (2024). Determining a meaningful R-squared value in clinical medicine. Academic Medicine & Surgery. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62186/001c.125154
Harputlugil, T., & de Wilde, P. (2021). The interaction between humans and buildings for energy efficiency: A critical review. Energy Research & Social Science, 71, 101828. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101828
Iwara, A. E. (2020).* "Income Levels and Quality of Life: The Relevance of Educational Attainment in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Social Studies, 23(1), 55-78.
Krassikova, A., Stewart, S., Bethell, J., Davis, A., & McGilton, K. (2021). Social Support and Living Situation of Older Adults With Hip-Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Innovation in Aging, 5(Supplement_1), 615-616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2352
Kleinheksel, A. J., Rockich-Winston, N., Tawfik, H., & Wyatt, T. R. (2020). Demystifying content analysis. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 84(1), 7113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7113
Mahmoud, K., Baker, T., Esiaka, D., & Balogun, S. (2024). THE NEED TO APPEAR HEALTHY: CONCEALMENT OF CHRONIC ILLNESS, PRIVACY, AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY AMONG OLDER NIGERIANS. Innovation in Aging, 8(Supplement_1), 525-525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.1717
Ngamwong, N., Darakorn Na Ayuthaya, S., & Kiattisin, S. (2024). Factor Analysis of Sustainable Livelihood Potential Development for Poverty Alleviation Using Structural Equation Modeling. Sustainability, 16(10), 4213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104213
Odozi, R. A. (2022).* “The Dynamics of Household Income and Expenditure in Nigeria: Lessons from COVID-19.” African Journal of Economic Review, 10(2), 89-103.
Ogunleye, O. F. & Ajakaiye, O. (2020).* "Income Inequality and Living Standards: The Case of Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Economic and Financial Issues, 10(1), 45-60.
Ogwumike, F. O., & Adeyemi, S. L. (2020). The Role of Income Redistribution in Poverty Alleviation. Nigerian Journal of Economic Society, 42(3), 112-130.
Othman, Z. A., Bakar, A. A., Sani, N. S., & Sallim, J. (2020). Household overspending model amongst B40, M40 and T20 using classification algorithm. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 11(7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2020.0110751
Oyadeyi, O., Ukoli, K., Chandiramani, A., Rosas, J., Luo, J., & Oyadeyi, O. A. (2024). The Cost of Living Crisis in Nigeria: The Impact of Food and Commodity Prices on Household Purchasing Power and their Implications for Economic Wellbeing. Available at SSRN 4866006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4866006
Roslan, U. A. M., Alias, A., Zakaria, S., Malik, S. M. A., & Sulaiman, N. F. C. (2021, May). Mathematical model on relationship between expenditure in education and household income group in Malaysia. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2355, No. 1). AIP Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0053371
Skouloudis, A., Leal Filho, W., Deligiannakis, G., Vouros, P., Nikolaou, I., & Evangelinos, K. (2023). Coping with floods: impacts, preparedness and resilience capacity of Greek micro-, small-and medium-sized enterprises in flood-affected areas. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 15(1), 81-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-09-2022-0122
Vaismoradi, M., Jones, J., Turunen, H., & Snelgrove, S. (2016). Theme development in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v6n5p100
World Bank. (2021). Nigeria: Poverty and Equity Brief. Retrieved from [World Bank website].
Article Sidebar
