Assessment of ECOWAS Renewable Energy Policies and Development Projects Progress, Successes, and Challenges

Abstract

This review paper employed a systematic review of literature (SRL) involving review of policy documents, reports and academic literatures to assess the renewable energy policies and development projects implemented by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), with a focus on their progress, successes, and ongoing challenges. In response to widespread energy poverty and growing climate concerns, ECOWAS introduced regional strategies such as the ECOWAS Renewable Energy Policy (EREP) and the ECOWAS Energy Efficiency Policy (EEEP). These initiatives aim to increase renewable energy penetration, enhance energy efficiency, and support rural electrification across member states. Central to these efforts is the ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE), which coordinates technical assistance, investment mobilization, and regional policy alignment. Notable achievements include the proliferation of off-grid solar systems, mini-grid developments, and improved regulatory environments in several countries. Progress is also reflected in greater regional cooperation and the attraction of international development partners and private investors. However, challenges remain significant. Key issues include limited access to financing, inadequate technical expertise, regulatory inconsistencies, and infrastructural deficits. Political instability in certain regions and over-dependence on external funding further hinder sustainable progress. The study concludes that while ECOWAS has made important advances in renewable energy development, long-term success will depend on stronger institutional frameworks, local capacity building, and increased domestic investment. A coordinated, inclusive approach is essential to ensure energy access and sustainability in West Africa.