The Use of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Florescence to Evaluate Some Heavy Metals as Pollutants in Heterotis niloticus and Sediment from Baga, Lake Chad, Nigerian Sector
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Abstract
The pollution of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals is a major global concern, presenting significant environmental and health hazards. This research evaluated the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in H. niloticus and sediments from Dumba 1, Baga, Lake Chad, Nigerian Sector using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The results indicated high concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb (0.45 ± 0.01, 2.14 ± 0.03, 14.46 ± 0.25, and 6.38 ± 0.05 mg/kg), which are higher than the maximum acceptable limits set by World Health Organization (WHO). The findings suggest contamination of H. niloticus by these heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb), highlighting potential health risks. Additionally, sediment analysis showed concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn (2.62 ± 0.1, 120.15 ± 5.01, and 102.67 ± 6.02 mg/kg) exceeding acceptable limits for average shale, indicating sediment contamination and possible environmental health risks to both fish and humans.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Jonathan, B. Y., F. A. Mustapha (Author)
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