Determination of the Functional End-of-Life Threshold of Electric Vehicle Lithium-ion Battery Under Urban Lagos Driving Conditions
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Abstract
Electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries are typically considered at end-of-life when their State of Health (SoH) falls to 70–80%, a benchmark largely derived from studies in regions with extreme cold climates. This study assesses the relevance of this threshold for electric vehicles operating under consistently warm, urban driving conditions in Lagos, Nigeria. A simulation framework was developed in MATLAB to model energy consumption, power demand, and battery degradation across twelve (12) representative driving scenarios. Results show that, in urban Lagos, battery ageing is driven primarily by depth of discharge, stop-and-go cycling, and daily usage patterns, while the effect of ambient temperature is comparatively minor. Across all scenarios, batteries maintained practical driving capability well below conventional thresholds, remaining functionally viable at 40–60% SoH. These findings indicate that fixed capacity-based criteria underestimate useful battery life in tropical cities. A functional definition incorporating range sufficiency and recharge frequency provides a more appropriate basis for planning, policy design, and EV cost optimisation.
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Ayodele T. R., University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Power, Energy, Machine & Drive Research Group,
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department,
Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Ogunjuyigbe A.S.O., University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Power, Energy, Machine & Drive Research Group,
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department,
Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Ajisafe J.G., University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Power, Energy, Machine & Drive Research Group,
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department,
Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Olarewaju R.O., Abiola Ajimobi Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Abiola Ajimobi Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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