Assessment of Influential Behaviours Affecting Maize Yield Maximization among Smallholder Farmers in Zambia A Case Study of Mkushi District

Abstract

This study assessed the influential behaviors affecting maize yield maximization among smallholder farmers in Mkushi District, Zambia. The primary objectives were to identify these behaviors, evaluate their effects on maize yields, and propose interventions for enhanced productivity. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with a sample of 154 farmers. Key findings revealed that farmer demographics, particularly age and education, significantly influenced yield outcomes. The adoption of modern farming practices, including improved seed varieties and timely planting, along with effective climate change adaptation strategies, were pivotal in boosting maize productivity. However, critical barriers, such as limited access to credit, financial resources, and markets, constrained yield potential. Regression analysis indicated that the adoption of modern farming practices increased yields by 20% (p < 0.05), while proper agronomical practices, such as optimal fertilizer use, contributed an additional 15% (p < 0.05). Challenges like insufficient resource management and delayed planting were linked to yield reductions of up to 25%. These findings underscore the need for tailored interventions, including training programs on modern agricultural techniques, enhanced credit facilities, and improved market infrastructure. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating behavioral theories, market transition frameworks, and transaction cost perspectives to understand and address these challenges comprehensively. By addressing these multifaceted challenges, the research contributes to Zambia’s broader goals of agricultural development, poverty reduction, and sustainable economic growth. Recommendations include developing training programs for smallholder farmers that consider their educational background, age, and experience with modern farming, creating microcredit schemes with flexible repayment plans tailored to smallholder farmers' harvest cycles, and designing interventions in Mkushi District that address specific challenges like soil degradation and pest pressures.