Hydration Knowledge and Fluid Replacement Strategies among Athletic Coaches in Ghana

Abstract

Adequate hydration is crucial for athletic performance as it affects thermoregulation, cardiovascular function, and endurance. Coaches play a key role in ensuring proper hydration, yet limited data exist on their knowledge and practices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study assessed hydration knowledge and fluid replacement strategies among athletic coaches in Accra, Ghana. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 68 coaches from football, basketball, athletics, and volleyball. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire on hydration knowledge, fluid replacement practices, and information sources. Analyses for associations between knowledge scores and demographic variables were conducted using chi-square tests and regression analysis. Only 4.4% of coaches achieved a passing hydration knowledge score (≥80%), 67.65% had moderate knowledge and 27.9% had low knowledge. Questions related to indicators of dehydration, appropriate fluid intake, and the impact of climate conditions on hydration needs were frequently answered wrongly by respondents. Despite the importance of hydration, 45.6% of coaches provided no fluids to athletes before training, and 50% did not offer fluids post-training. Social media was the primary source of information on hydration (91.2%), and professional organizations and health professionals were the least consulted sources. Statistical analyses showed no significant associations between knowledge scores and demographic factors such as age, educational level, sports specialty, or coaching experience. Findings highlight substantial knowledge gaps and inadequate hydration practices among the coaches. Targeted educational interventions planned in collaboration with sports nutrition experts are needed to improve hydration strategies and practices among coaches in Ghana.