Comparative Analysis of Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Surface Water of Nafada, Ashaka and Almakashi Corridors of River Gongola, Nigeria

Main Article Content

Abubakar B.
Abubakar K. A.
Ja’afaru A.
Yusuf Z. A.

Abstract

A study on comparative analysis of heavy metals concentrations in surface water was carried out in three selected stations: Nafada, Ashaka and Almakashi along the corridors of River Gongola in Gombe state for a period of eighteen months. The water samples were collected in triplicate from the sampling stations. Water samples were collected using sampling bottles of 250ml dipped below the water surface for water collection. Zinc, lead, copper, cadmium and manganese were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result elucidates that most of the heavy metals were found to be within the recommended ranges as compared to standard limits. The result of concentrations of heavy metals in the surface water elucidates that there was a significant difference (P>0.05) among the months with respect to zinc and there was no significant difference in the concentration of lead (P<0.05). The concentrations follow the order (Zn >Cd>Cu>Mn>Pb). The higher concentration of heavy metals was found in Ashaka corridors with Zinc concentration ranging between 0.99±0.01 and 0.33±0.01, Cadmium 0.88±0.02 and 0.03±0.00, Cupper 0.58±0.02 and 0.14±0.02, Manganese 0.87±0.56 and 0.17±0.01, Lead 0.28±0.36 and 0.01±0.01. The wastewater from the cement effluent factory in Ashaka might have impacted negatively on the water chemistry by elevating the levels of some heavy metals. Therefore, more intensive treatment of the factory effluents before discharging into the River Gongola is recommended.

Keywords: Factory Effluent, Heavy Metals, Corridors of River, Gongola, Zinc, Gombe State

Article Details

Abubakar B., Abubakar K. A., Ja’afaru A., & Yusuf Z. A. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Surface Water of Nafada, Ashaka and Almakashi Corridors of River Gongola, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Sciences and Renewable Energy, 16(1), 162-171. https://doi.org/10.62154/ajesre.2024.016.010401
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Abubakar B., Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria. 

1Department of Biological Science, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria. 

2Department of Zoology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria.

Abubakar K. A., Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria.

Department of Zoology, 
Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria.

Ja’afaru A., Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria.

Department of Zoology, 
Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria.

Yusuf Z. A., Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria.

1Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria.

2Department of Ecology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria. 

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