Compacted Soil Liners and Covers for Waste Containment
A Review of Soil Type Suitability and Applications
Main Article Content
Abstract
An effective waste disposal system is essential in preventing the infiltration of leachate into the ground and achieving the sustainable development goal of ensuring access to clean and potable water. Liner is an important component of landfill in waste disposal facilities as it impedes the flow of leachate from the landfill. The choice of liner material depends on factors, such as the type and availability of soil, the site conditions, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. This paper focuses on different soil types as compacted liners in waste containment facilities. The main purpose of this paper is to present the findings of laboratory investigations and measurements of hydraulic conductivity and other important soil properties extracted from previous literature with the aim of providing a guide in material selection for use as compacted soil liners and covers in waste containment applications. The key results of many laboratory studies previously conducted on soils of different properties, gradation, plasticity, and mineralogy, untreated or stabilized with various additives such as waste materials from industries, agricultural by-products and municipal waste materials are reported. The paper also presents the potential of using biopolymer-treated soils (soils modified by polymers) derived from plants and animals, as potential liner materials.
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Adamu Umar Chinade, Gambo Haruna Yunusa (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Adamu Umar Chinade, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
1Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
2Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Gambo Haruna Yunusa, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Department of Civil Engineering,
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Adeyemo, K. A., Yunusa, G. H., Ishola, K., Bello, A. A., & Adewale, S. A. (2022). Cassava peel ash modified black cotton soil as a material for hydraulic barriers in municipal solid waste containment facilities. Cleaner Waste Systems, 3, 100045.
Akinwumi, I. I., Afolayan, O. D., Okeke, C. A. U., Badiru, O. O., & Jolayemi, K. J. (2021). Suitability of using borrow pit soils collected from Southwestern Nigeria as landfill liners. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1036, No. 1, p. 012038). IOP Publishing.
Al-Bakri, A. Y., Ahmed, H. M., & Hefni, M. A. (2022). Cement kiln dust (CKD): potential beneficial applications and eco-sustainable solutions. Sustainability, 14(12), 7022.
Al-Hamdan, A. Z., & Reddy, K. R. (2006). Adsorption of heavy metals in glacial till soil. Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, 24, 1679-1693.
Alla V, Sasmal SK, Behera RN, Patra CR (2017) Development of alternate liner material by blending fly ash, local soil and bentonite. In: Proceedings of Indian geotechnical conference GeoNEst, 14–16 December 2017. IIT Guwahati, p 95
Alqaisi, R., Le, T. M., & Khabbaz, H. (2020). Applications of recycled sustainable materials and by-products in soil stabilization. In Recent Thoughts in Geoenvironmental Engineering: Proceedings of the 3rd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition, Egypt 2019 on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures–The Official International Congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE) (pp. 91-117). Springer International Publishing.
Amadi, A. A. and Eberemu, A. O. (2013). Characterization of geotechnical properties of lateritic soil-bentonite mixtures relevant to their use as barrier in engineered waste landfills. Nigerian Journal of Technology. 32(1): 93-100.
Amadi, A. A., Osinubi, K. J., & Okoro, J. I. (2023). Hydraulic Conductivity of Unsaturated Specimens of Lateritic Soil-Bentonite Mixtures. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 1-14.
Amadi, A., & Odedede, O. (2021). Attenuation of contaminants in landfill leachate by lateritic soil enhanced with bentonite. Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 16(5), 348-358.
Anandha Kumar, S., Sujatha, E. R., Pugazhendi, A., & Jamal, M. T. (2021). Guar gum-stabilized soil: A clean, sustainable, and economical alternative liner material for landfills. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 1-19.
Bacha, N. (2015). Performance of Lateritic Soil Mixed with Black Cotton Soil. International journal of research and technology. 4(08): 538-542
Batari, A., Aman, M. Y., Saeed, M. S., Ahmed, T. Y., Chinade, A. U. (2017a). “Rutting Assessment of Crumb Rubber Modifier Modified Warm Mix Asphalt Incorporating Warm Asphalt Additive”. IRJET, Vol.4(2), 1239-1244.
Batari, A., Chinade, A. U., Saeed, M. S., Ikara, I. A., Kabir, N. & Mamuda A. (2017b). “Effect of Bagasse Ash on the Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton Soil”. International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology. Vol. 3, No. 4, 2017, pp. 67-73.
Bello, A. A. (2012). Geotechnical evaluation of reddish-brown tropical soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 30, 481-498.
Benson, C. H. & Daniel, D. E. (1990). Influence of Clods on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Clay. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 116(8): 1231 - 1248.
Benson, C. H., Daniel, D. E. and Boutwell, G. P. (1999). Field Performance of Compacted Clay Liners. Journal of Geotechnical and Environmental Engineering. 125: 390 - 403.
Boscov, M. E. G., Hachich, W. C., Mahler, C. F., & de Oliveira, E. (2011). Properties of a lateritic red soil for pollutant containment. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2(07), 923.
Chinade A. U., S. Y. Umar, & K. J. Osinubi (2017). Effect of municipal solid waste leachate on the strength of compacted tropical soil for landfill liner''. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(6), 3248-3253
Daramola, S. O., Hingston, E. D. C., & Demlie, M. (2024). A review of lateritic soils and their use as landfill liners. Environmental Earth Sciences, 83(3), 118.
Fadugba, O. G., Adeniran, J. K., Alaneme, G. U., Oluyemi-Ayibiowu, B. D., Omomomi, O. J., & Adetukasi, A. O. (2024). Compaction and compressibility characteristics of snail shell ash and granulated blast furnace slag stabilized local bentonite for baseliner of landfill. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 7167.
Ghosh, S., Mukherjee, S., Al-Hamdan, A. Z., & Reddy, K. R. (2013). Efficacy of fine-grained soil as landfill liner material for containment of chrome tannery sludge. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 31, 493-500.
Gupt, C. B., Bordoloi, S., Bhatlu, M. N., & Sekharan, S. (2022). Hydraulic conductivity variation in compacted bentonite–fly ash mixes under constant-volume and free-swelling flow conditions. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 99(999), 1-18.
Hamdi, N. and Srasra, E. (2013). Hydraulic Conductivity Study of Compacted Clay Soils Used As Landfill Liners for an Acidic Waste. Journal of waste Management. 33: 60 - 66.
Hou, J., Teng, Y., Bao, S., Li, H., & Liu, L. (2022). Evaluation of the Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners. Clays and Clay Minerals, 70(1), 20-33.
Iliyas, S., Idris, A., Umar, I. H., Lin, H., Muhammad, A., & Xie, L. (2024). Experiment and Analysis of Variance for Stabilizing Fine-Grained Soils with Cement and Sawdust Ash as Liner Materials. Materials, 17(10), 2397.
Ilman, B., & Balkis, A. P. (2023). Review on Biopolymer Binders as Renewable, Sustainable Stabilizers f or Soils. International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, 9(4), 49.
Khalid, N., Mukri, M., Kamarudin, F., & Ghani, A. H. A. (2020). Effect of compaction characteristics on hydraulic conductivity performance for sedimentary residual soil mixed bentonite as compacted liners. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 498, No. 1, p. 012003). IOP Publishing.
Kumar, R., & Kumari, S. (2024). Exploring the geotechnical and microstructural properties of composite mixtures for landfill liner materials: an experimental investigation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-19.
Marchiori, L., Studart, A., Morais, M. V., Albuquerque, A., & Cavaleiro, V. (2022). Geotechnical Characterization of Vegetal Biomass Ashes Based Materials for Liner Production. In International Conference on Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering (pp. 67-82). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Morandini, T. L. C., & do Lago Leite, A. (2015). Characterization and hydraulic conductivity of tropical soils and bentonite mixtures for CCL purposes. Engineering Geology, 196, 251-267.
Muhammad A. S., A. U. Chinade, A. Mamuda, A. Batari & M. D. Abdullahi (2021). Effect of Gypsum in Proportion of Other Additives Used in Stabilizion of Deficient Soils: A Review. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Science Publishing Group. 6(6): 161-176
Nasara M. A., I. Zubairu, A. U. Chinade, A. A. Adams, D. Sale, & Y. M. Yerima (2023). Performance Evaluation of Tamarindus Indica Seeds Powder in the Treatment of Dye Wastewater. Path of Science: International Electronic Journal. ISSN 2413-9009
Nasiru, A., Osakwe, C. E., Lawal, I. M., & Chinade, A. U. (2016). Assessment of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in Gombe abattoir wastewater. Am. J. Eng. Res, 5, 64-69.
Norouzi, A., Uygar, E., & Nalbantoglu, Z. (2023). Compacted clay liner formed with beach sand, Na-bentonite, and waste materials.
Ojuri, O. O., Akinwumi, I. I., & Oluwatuyi, O. E. (2017). Nigerian lateritic clay soils as hydraulic barriers to adsorb metals. Geotechnical characterization and chemical compatibility. Environment Protection Engineering, 43(4), 209-222.
Omotayo, O. O., Ojuri, O. O., & Olagunju, O. M. (2023). Enhancing Geotechnical Properties of Lateritic Clay with Sawdust Ash-Lime Stabilizer. Journal of Engineering Advancements, 4(01), 8-13.
Osinubi, K. J. and Nwaiwu, C. M. O. (2002). Compacted Lateritic Soils as Hydraulic Barriers in Waste Containment Systems. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 225 – 230.
Osinubi, K. J. and Nwaiwu, C. M. O. (2006). Design of Compacted Lateritic Soil Liners and Covers. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 132: 203 - 213.
Osinubi, K. J., Oluremi, J. R., Eberemu, A. O., and Ijimdiya, S. T. (2017). Interaction of landfill leachate with compacted lateritic soil–waste wood ash mixture. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Waste and Resource Management. 01 – 11.
Özçoban, M. Ş., Acarer, S., & Tüfekci, N. (2022). Effect of solid waste landfill leachate contaminants on hydraulic conductivity of landfill liners. Water Science and Technology, 85(5), 1581-1599.
Ramesh, M., Karthic, K. S., Karthikeyan, T., & Kumaravel, A. (2014). Construction materials from industrial wastes—a review of current practices. International journal of environmental research and development, 4(4), 317-324.
Ramesh, S., & Thyagaraj, T. (2022). Volumetric and hydraulic behaviour of compacted natural clay–sand mixtures during wet–dry cycles. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 81(6), 1-16.
Saeed, S. M., Aman, M. Y., Ahmad, K. A., Batari, A., Yero, A. T. A., & Chinade, A. U. (2017). Effect of Crumb Rubber Modifier on the Fatigue Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt. In Global Civil Engineering Conference (pp. 1367-1376).
Shakir, A. O., & Ali, H. A. (2019). The effect of lining material on the permeability of clayey soil. Civil Engineering Journal, 5(3), 662-678.
Shankar, M. U. and Muthukumar, M. (2017, November). Comprehensive review of geosynthetic clay liner and compacted clay liner. In IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, 263 (3) 032026.
Taha, M. R., & Taha, O. M. E. (2012). Influence of nano-material on the expansive and shrinkage soil behavior. Journal of nanoparticle research, 14, 1-13.
Thankam, N. S., and Rekha, V. (2017). A comprehensive review of different materials as liners in landfill. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 8(7) 765 – 773
Tijjani Kabir, Umar Saeed Yusuf, Adamu Umar Chinade & Aminu Shehu Yakubu (2021). Effect of Different Compaction Energies on the Strength Characteristics of Laterite Soil Treated with Activated Rice Husk Ash. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 08: 11- 1409 -1415.
U. Y. Mai-Bade, A. U. Chinade, A. Batari & S. M. Saeed (2021). Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review. Journal of Composite Material, Science Publishing Group. 5(2): 37- 45
Umar, S. Y., Elinwa, A. U. and Matawal, D. S. (2015). Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Lateritic Soil Partially Replaced with Metakaolin. Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences. 5(4): 53 – 64.
Umar, S. Y., Matawal, D. S. and Elinwa, A. U. (2016). Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Laterite Treated with Iron Ore Tailings. Advances in Civil Engineering. 1: 1 – 8.
US EPA, (1989). “Requirements for Hazardous Waste Landfills, Design, Construction and Closure,” Tech. Rep. EPA-125/4-89. 022, EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Wang, D., Tang, Y. T., Long, G., Higgitt, D., He, J., and Robinson, D. (2020). Future improvements on performance of an EU landfill directive driven municipal solid waste management for a city in England. Waste Management, 102, 452-463.
Widomski, M. K., Stępniewski, W., & Musz-Pomorska, A. (2018). Clays of different plasticity as materials for landfill liners in rural systems of sustainable waste management. Sustainability, 10(7), 2489.
Widomski, M. K., Stępniewski, W., & Musz-Pomorska, A. (2018). Clays of different plasticity as materials for landfill liners in rural systems of sustainable waste management. Sustainability, 10(7), 2489.
Xin, D., Hao, Y., Shimaoka, T., Nakayama, H., and Chai, X. (2016). Site-specific diel methane emission mechanisms in landfills: a field validated process based on vegetation and climate factors. Environmental Pollution, 218, 673-680.
Yamusa, Y. B., & Ahmad, K. (2018). Evaluating the geotechnical properties of compacted laterite soil at different fines content. Advanced Science Letters, 24(6), 4015-4020.
Yamusa, Y. B., Ahmad, K., & Rahman, N. A. (2017, July). Sustainable design of compacted laterite soil liner. In Global Civil Engineering Conference (pp. 1211-1222).
Article Sidebar
